A self-discharging barge used to remove material brought up by dredgers

Newacstle Journal, Saturday 20th June 1863

Tyne Built Ships website http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/R-Ships/rtchopper51863.html

 

An annual festival at which dancing was the main amusement.
The Geordie Dictionary https://www.bedlington.co.uk/forums/topic/4577-the-geordie-dictionary/

A dancing-party, of an informal or unceremonious kind. [OED]

A trough, often of stone, usually beside the public highway, to provide water for horses.

Meaning unknown

To ease overcrowding in the gaols, convicts were imprisoned in old warship used as a prison. Others were housed there until a space could be found on a transport ship to Australia.

Engraving of the Discovery, a prison hulk moored at Deptford. George Cooke after Samuel  Prout, 1826. British Library Add MS 32360; Item number: f. 112-B.

To smell disagreeably [OED]

The family who owned the house and spent their time in the upper floors of the house (Above Stairs) and who employed the domestic servants. In contrast to 'below stairs' meaning the day quarters of the servants. [CPB]

A musical instrument resembling the lute or guitar, and having strings (two or more of which are tuned so as to produce a drone), which are sounded by the revolution of a rosined wheel turned by the left hand, the notes of the melody being obtained by the action of keys which ‘stop’ the strings and are played by the right hand; thus combining the characteristics of instruments of the bowed and the clavier kinds. [OED]

Husbandman:- A worker who tills and cultivates the soil; a farmer, typically one who works a smallholding. [OED]

Greek god of marriage represented as a young man carrying a torch and veil. [OED]

A species of green tea from China.

In obscurity

In faith, by my faith. Used, esp. by 17th and 18th c. dramatists, as a trivial oath amounting to a simple asseveration [OED]

In a state of dishevelment

Working as a domestic servant. Often living as a low status member of the household.

Probably railway embankment

The contract by which an apprentice is bound to the master who undertakes to teach him a trade; [OED]

Belonging or adhering to that form of ecclesiastical polity called Independency also known as Congregationalism. See Congregational Church.

Maize. Also called Indian corn [OED]