Queen Victoria. She had a German mother married a German - Prince Albert - and frequently spoke German in private.

A group of musicians playing chiefly brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments. [i]
German musicians were a common feature of British pleasure resorts during the second half of the 19th century [ii] . The Musical Herald 1Dec 1899 reported "the band came from one village in the black forest. In the spring they am across to hull tramped through the country playing at various towns along the way. at their destination in time for the summer season. When the engagement was over they went straight home [iii]

References:
[i] [oed]
[ii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Palatine_travelling_music_tradition (accessed 24Nov20)
[iii] Panikos Panayi - German immigrants in Britain during the 19th century, 1815-1914 (Oxford, Berg, 1995)

The North Sea was known as the German Ocean until the early 20th C., when hostilities with Germany meant this name became politically unacceptable in Britain

Gibbet To hang (a carcase) on a gibbet by way of infamous exposure. (gibbet = an upright post with projecting arm from which the bodies of criminals were hung in chains or irons after execution [OED]

giblets: The heart, liver, gizzard etc. of a goose, duck or chicken

A man plying a light two-wheeled one-horse carriage for hire.

one who has been made a fool of [OED]

Gig - A light two-wheeled one-horse carriage. [OED]

A measure of liquid; a quarter pint in some parts of England, in others a half pint.

Hero of “The Diverting History of John Gilpin” a poem by William Cowper in which Gilpin’s horse runs away with him.

To introduce ginger into a horse's anus to make it move in a lively manner, with the tail held high, and thus appear youthful and spirited [OED]

A type of cotton fabric typically having a checked pattern woven from contrasting white and coloured yarns; a pattern or fabric of this kind; a piece of this fabric. [OED]

Glen: A valley or hollow gen. traversed by a stream or river, usu. but not necessarily narrow and with steep sides; in longer rivers connoting the mountain valley in the upper reaches as opposed to the strath or broader vale below.

[Dictionary of the Scots Language]

will reveal the meaning of a word or phrase - followed by the source of the definition [OED] means Oxford English Dictionary

OR - information about a place or object

OR - information about a real person.

The words of glossed phrases are concatenated with underscores (_) which do not appear in the source text.

 

An unintelligent or uneducated person; a fool, an idiot [OED]

Meaning unknown

Goliath

It may mean "taste" from the French "goût". Thousands of French aristocrats fled to England during the French Revolution and there were about 40,000 French immigrants in Britain by 1800 [Ref: Murray, Venetia; High Society : A Social History of the Regency Period, 1788-1830]

Husband [OED]

An exclamation [OED]